一、本次實驗所需器材
1、Arduino板
2、1602液晶板:也叫1602字符型液晶,它是一種專門用來顯示字母、數字、符號等的點陣型液晶模塊。它由若干個5X7或者5X11等點陣字符位組成,每個點陣字符位都可以顯示一個字符,每位之間有一個點距的間隔,每行之間也有間隔,起到了字符間距和行間距的作用,正因為如此所以它不能很好地顯示圖形。目前,盡管各廠家對其各自產品命名不盡相同,但均提供幾乎都同樣規格的1602模塊或者兼容模塊。1602最初采用的LCD控制器是HD44780,在各廠家生產的1602模塊中,基本上也都采用了與之兼容的控制IC,所以從特性上基本上是一樣的。因此,我們買到的1602模塊,在端口標記上可能有所不同,有的從左向右,有的從右向左,但特性上是一樣的。本實驗中使用的1602板,最里面的孔為1號,最靠近邊上的那個為16號。
1602實物圖片:
1
1602的規格情況:
顯示容量 16*2個字符
芯片工作電壓 4.5-5.5V
工作電流 2,0MA(5.0V)
模塊最佳工作電壓 5.0V
字符尺寸 2.95*4.35(WXH)mm
1602管腳介紹:
第1腳:VSS為電源負極
第2腳:VCC接5V電源正極
第3腳:V0為液晶顯示器對比度調整端,接正電源時對比度最弱,接地電源時對比度最高(對比度過高時會產生“鬼影”,使用時可以通過一個10K的電位器調整對比度,本實驗使用了一個1KΩ電阻)。
第4腳:RS為寄存器選擇,高電平1時選擇數據寄存器、低電平0時選擇指令寄存器。
第5腳:RW為讀寫信號線,高電平(1)時進行讀操作,低電平(0)時進行寫操作。
第6腳:E(或EN)端為使能(enable)端,高電平(1)時讀取信息,負跳變時執行指令。
第7~14腳:D0~D7為8位雙向數據端。
第15~16腳:背燈電源。15腳背光正極,16腳背光負極。
1602字符集介紹:
1602液晶模塊內部的字符發生存儲器已經存儲了160個不同的點陣字符圖形,這些字符有:阿拉伯數字、英文字母的大小寫、常用的符號、和日文假名等,每一個字符都有一個固定的代碼,比如大寫的英文字母“A”的代碼是01000001B(41H),顯示時模塊把地址41H中的點陣字符圖形顯示出來,我們就能看到字母“A”。
1602的16進制ASCII碼表地址可從百度搜索,這里不在列出,只寫用法。如:感嘆號!的ASCII為0x21,字母B的ASCII為0x42。
1602指令集:
image
3、電阻:1KΩ(1個)
4、杜邦線:若干
5、面包板:一個
二、8位連接法實驗
1、硬件連接方式1602-8_bb
2、代碼:
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int DI = 12;
int RW = 11;
int DB[] = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};//使用數組來定義總線需要的管腳
int Enable = 2;
void LcdCommandWrite(int value) {
// 定義所有引腳
int i = 0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= DI; i++) //總線賦值
{
digitalWrite(i,value & 01);//因為1602液晶信號識別是D7-D0(不是D0-D7),這里是用來反轉信號。
value >>= 1;
}
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(Enable,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1); // 延時1ms
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1); // 延時1ms
}
void LcdDataWrite(int value) {
// 定義所有引腳
int i = 0;
digitalWrite(DI, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RW, LOW);
for (i=DB[0]; i <= DB[7]; i++) {
digitalWrite(i,value & 01);
value >>= 1;
}
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(Enable,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(Enable,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1); // 延時1ms
}
void setup (void) {
int i = 0;
for (i=Enable; i <= DI; i++) {
pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
}
delay(100);
// 短暫的停頓后初始化LCD
// 用于LCD控制需要
LcdCommandWrite(0x38); // 設置為8-bit接口,2行顯示,5x7文字大小
delay(64);
LcdCommandWrite(0x38); // 設置為8-bit接口,2行顯示,5x7文字大小
delay(50);
LcdCommandWrite(0x38); // 設置為8-bit接口,2行顯示,5x7文字大小
delay(20);
LcdCommandWrite(0x06); // 輸入方式設定
// 自動增量,沒有顯示移位
delay(20);
LcdCommandWrite(0x0E); // 顯示設置
// 開啟顯示屏,光標顯示,無閃爍
delay(20);
LcdCommandWrite(0x01); // 屏幕清空,光標位置歸零
delay(100);
LcdCommandWrite(0x80); // 顯示設置
// 開啟顯示屏,光標顯示,無閃爍
delay(20);
}
void loop (void) {
LcdCommandWrite(0x01); // 屏幕清空,光標位置歸零
delay(10);
LcdCommandWrite(0x80+3);
delay(10);
// 寫入歡迎信息
LcdDataWrite('H');
LcdDataWrite('E');
LcdDataWrite('L');
LcdDataWrite('L');
LcdDataWrite('O');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('W');
LcdDataWrite('O');
LcdDataWrite('R');
LcdDataWrite('L');
LcdDataWrite('D');
delay(10);
LcdCommandWrite(0xc0+2); // 定義光標位置為第二行第二個位置
delay(10);
LcdDataWrite('w');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('k');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('c');
LcdDataWrite('o');
LcdDataWrite('d');
LcdDataWrite('e');
LcdDataWrite('.');
LcdDataWrite('n');
LcdDataWrite('e');
LcdDataWrite('t');
delay(5000);
LcdCommandWrite(0x01); // 屏幕清空,光標位置歸零
delay(10);
LcdDataWrite('I');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('a');
LcdDataWrite('m');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('x');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('a');
LcdDataWrite('o');
LcdDataWrite('w');
LcdDataWrite('u');
LcdDataWrite('y');
LcdDataWrite('i');
delay(3000);
LcdCommandWrite(0x02); //設置模式為新文字替換老文字,無新文字的地方顯示不變。
delay(10);
LcdCommandWrite(0x80+5); //定義光標位置為第一行第6個位置
delay(10);
LcdDataWrite('t');
LcdDataWrite('h');
LcdDataWrite('e');
LcdDataWrite(' ');
LcdDataWrite('a');
LcdDataWrite('d');
LcdDataWrite('m');
LcdDataWrite('i');
LcdDataWrite('n');
delay(5000);
}
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3、實驗效果
三、四位連接法
4位連接法,可以省出幾個數字端口。
1、連接方法
1602-4_bb
2、代碼
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int LCD1602_RS=12;
int LCD1602_RW=11;
int LCD1602_EN=10;
int DB[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9};
char str1[]="Welcome to";
char str2[]="wikicode.net";
char str3[]="This is the";
char str4[]="4-bit interface";
void LCD_Command_Write(int command)
{
int i,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=command & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(command & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_Data_Write(int dat)
{
int i=0,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,HIGH);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=dat & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(dat & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_SET_XY( int x, int y )
{
int address;
if (y ==0) address = 0x80 + x;
else address = 0xC0 + x;
LCD_Command_Write(address);
}
void LCD_Write_Char( int x,int y,int dat)
{
LCD_SET_XY( x, y );
LCD_Data_Write(dat);
}
void LCD_Write_String(int X,int Y,char *s)
{
LCD_SET_XY( X, Y ); //設置地址
while (*s) //寫字符串
{
LCD_Data_Write(*s);
s ++;
}
}
void setup (void)
{
int i = 0;
for (i=6; i <= 12; i++)
{
pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
}
delay(100);
LCD_Command_Write(0x28);//4線 2行 5x7
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x06);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x0c);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x80);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
}
void loop (void)
{
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(3,0,str1);//第1行,第4個地址起
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(2,1,str2);//第2行,第2個地址起
delay(5000);
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);//
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(0,0,str3);
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(0,1,str4);
delay(5000);
}
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這里僅做了顯示字符串的方法,也可以利用LCD_Write_Char這個過程來顯示字符,如:LCD_Write_Char(1,0,0x3a)顯示“:”,這里不再舉例,在下面的時鐘的代碼中,會有所利用。
3、實現效果
四、利用Arduino+1602實現時鐘
1、硬件連接:采用四位連接法。
2、代碼
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int LCD1602_RS=12;
int LCD1602_RW=11;
int LCD1602_EN=10;
int DB[] = { 6, 7, 8, 9};
char logtxt[]="Local Time";
char *sec[60]={"00","01","02","03","04","05","06","07","08","09","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","30","31","32","33","34","35","36","37","38","39","40","41","42","43","44","45","46","47","48","49","50","51","52","53","54","55","56","57","58","59"};
void LCD_Command_Write(int command)
{
int i,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=command & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(command & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_Data_Write(int dat)
{
int i=0,temp;
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RS,HIGH);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_RW,LOW);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=dat & 0xf0;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
temp=(dat & 0x0f)<<4;
for (i=DB[0]; i <= 9; i++)
{
digitalWrite(i,temp & 0x80);
temp <<= 1;
}
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite( LCD1602_EN,LOW);
}
void LCD_SET_XY( int x, int y )
{
int address;
if (y ==0) address = 0x80 + x;
else address = 0xC0 + x;
LCD_Command_Write(address);
}
void LCD_Write_Char( int x,int y,int dat)
{
LCD_SET_XY( x, y );
LCD_Data_Write(dat);
}
void LCD_Write_String(int X,int Y,char *s)
{
LCD_SET_XY( X, Y ); //設置地址
while (*s) //寫字符串
{
LCD_Data_Write(*s);
s ++;
}
}
void setup (void)
{
int i = 0;
for (i=6; i <= 12; i++)
{
pinMode(i,OUTPUT);
}
delay(100);
LCD_Command_Write(0x28);//4線 2行 5x7
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x06);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x0c);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x80);
delay(50);
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
}
void loop (void)
{
for(int index=0,minindex=59,hourindex=12;index<60;index++) //這里來設定現在時間,目前設定為12:59:00
{
LCD_Command_Write(0x01);
delay(50);
LCD_Write_String(3,0,logtxt);
LCD_Write_String(3,1,sec[hourindex]);
LCD_Write_Char(6,1,0x3a);//顯示:
LCD_Write_String(7,1,sec[minindex]);
LCD_Write_Char(10,1,0x3a);
LCD_Write_String(11,1,sec[index]);
delay(950);
if (index==59)
{
index=-1;
minindex++;
if (minindex==60)
{
minindex=0;
hourindex++;
if (hourindex==24)
{
hourindex=0;
}
}
}
}
}
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