單片機PID算法控制電機轉速Proteus仿真程序

ID:63146 · 發表于 2020-2-3 16:55

單片機源程序如下:
#include<reg52.h>
#include"lcd1602.h"

sfr T2MOD = 0x0c9;
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int

sbit Q0 = P2^4;
sbit Q1 = P2^5;
sbit Q2 = P2^6;
sbit Q3 = P2^7;

sbit PWM                = P1^7;
sbit UP                      = P1^0;
sbit DOWM                = P1^1;
sbit GORB             = P2^3; //換相
sbit ADDSPEED       = P1^2;
sbit SUBSPEED       = P1^3;

uint tuint = 65535;
uint tpwm = 1;       //pwm周期為10000us tpwm變量表示pwm高電平時間，也相當于占空比 (仿真時，頻率高時，電機反應慢。在實物上要加大頻率)
uchar t1_flag = 0;

uint pulse = 0;
uint t0_flag = 0;
uchar t2_flag = 0;
bit t2_over = 0;
bit Just_Get = 1;

#define       ZZ                { Q0 = 0;Q1 = 0;Q2 = 1;Q3 = 1;}       //正轉
#define       FZ                { Q0 = 1;Q1 = 1;Q2 = 0;Q3 = 0;}       //反轉
#define       STOP       { Q0 = 1;Q1 = 0;Q2 = 1;Q3 = 0;}       //停止
//禁止出現 Q0 = 0;Q1 = 1;Q2 = 0;Q3 = 1; 不然會燒掉mos管

//************************ PID *************************************
float now = 0,bef = 0,bbef = 0;       //本次采樣值，上次采樣值，上上次采樣值
float err_now,err_bef,err_bbef;             //當前偏差，上次偏差，上上次偏差
float error_add = 0;                               //所有偏差之和
float set = 25;                                              //設定值

float kp = 25;
float ki = 25;
float kd = 0;

//*****************************************************************

void delayms(uint ms)//延時？個 ms
{
uchar a,b,c;
      while(ms--)
      {
      for(c=1;c>0;c--)
      for(b=142;b>0;b--)
         for(a=2;a>0;a--);
      }
}

void timer_init()
{
      EA = 1;
      ET0 = 1;
      ET1 = 1;
      ET2 = 1;

      TMOD = 0x15; //定時器0 計數模式定時器1模式1
      T2MOD = 0x01;

      TH0 = TL0 = 255;
      TH2 = 0x3C;
      TL2 = 0xB0;             //50MS

}
void timer1() interrupt 3
{
      if(t1_flag == 0)
      {
            t1_flag = 1;
            PWM = 1;
            TH1 = (tuint - tpwm + 1)/256;
            TL1 = (tuint - tpwm + 1)%256;

      }
      else
      {
            t1_flag = 0;
            PWM = 0;
            TH1 = (tuint - 10000 + tpwm + 1)/256;
            TL1 = (tuint - 10000 + tpwm + 1)%256;
      }
}

void timer0() interrupt 1
{
      TH0 = TL0 = 255;
      t0_flag++;
}
void timer2() interrupt 5
{
      TF2 = 0;
      TH2 = 0x3C;
      TL2 = 0xB0;             //50MS

      t2_flag++;

      if(t2_flag == 2)
      {
            TR0 = 0;
            TR2 = 0;
            t2_flag = 0;
            t2_over = 1;       //表示100ms時間到
      }
}
void GetPulse()
{
      t0_flag = 0;
      t2_flag = 0;

      TH0 = TL0 = 255;
      TH2 = 0x3C;
      TL2 = 0xB0;             //50MS

      TR0 = 1;
      TR2 = 1;
}

int PID()       //增量式PID
{
      int change;

      err_now = set - now;
      err_bef = set - bef;
      err_bbef = set - bbef;

      change = kp*(err_now - err_bef) + ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);

/*
      if(set >= now)
      {
            if(set - now > 1)
                     change = kp*(err_now - err_bef) + ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
            else
                     change = 0.2*kp*(err_now - err_bef) + 0.5*ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
      }
      else if(now > set)
      {
            if(now - set > 1)
                     change = kp*(err_now - err_bef) + ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
            else
                     change = 0.2*kp*(err_now - err_bef) + 0.5*ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);

      }
*/

      //change = (kp + ki + kd)*(set - now) + (-kp - 2*kd)*(set - bef) + kd*(set - bbef);
      //change = kp*(set - now) + ki*(set - bef) + kd*(set - bbef);
      if(change > 0)
      {
            printchar(1,10,'+');
            printuint(1,11,4,change);

      }
      else if(change < 0)
      {
            printchar(1,10,'-');
            printuint(1,11,4,-change);
      }
      else if(change == 0)
      {
            printchar(1,10,' ');
            printword(1,11," 0  ");

      }

      return(change);
}

int PID2()             //位置式PID
{

      int num = 0;
      static num_bef = 0;

      err_now = set - now;
      err_bef = set - bef;

      error_add = error_add + err_now;  //誤差累加。一旦誤差為0則error_add的值不變，PID輸出值不變

      num = kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);

/*
      if(set - now >= 0)
      {
            if(set - now > 1)
                     num = kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
            else
                     num = 0.1*kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
      }
      else
      {
            if(now - set > 1)
                     num = kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
            else
                     num = 0.1*kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);

      }
      */

      if(num > num_bef)
      {
            printchar(1,10,'+');
            printuint(1,11,4,num - num_bef);
      }
      else if(num < num_bef)
      {
            printchar(1,10,'-');
            printuint(1,11,4,num_bef - num);
      }
      else
      {
            printchar(1,10,' ');
            printuint(1,11,4,0);
      }

      num_bef = num;

      return((uint)num);
}

void main()
{

      lcd_init();
      timer_init();
      TH1 = TL1 = 255;

      printword(0,0,"P:");             //比例系數
      printword(0,5,"S:");             //設定值
      printword(1,0,"TPWM:");             //當前占空比
      printword(0,10,"PS:");             //當前電機反饋的每秒脈沖數

      while(1)
      {
            if(GORB == 1)
            {       ZZ;             }
            else
            {       FZ;             }

            if(ADDSPEED == 0)
                     set++;
            if(SUBSPEED == 0)
                     set--;

            if(Just_Get == 1)
            {
                     Just_Get = 0;
                     GetPulse();
            }
            else if(t2_over == 1)
            {
                     t2_over = 0;
                     Just_Get = 1;
                     pulse = t0_flag;
                     bbef = bef;
                     bef = now;
                     now = t0_flag;

                     if(set != 0)
                     {
                              TR1 = 1;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                              TR1 = 0;
                              PWM = 0;
                     }

            //       tpwm = tpwm + PID();             //增量式PID
                     tpwm = PID2();                               //位置式PID

            }

            if(UP == 0)
                     kp = kp + 1;
            if(DOWM == 0)
                     kp = kp - 1;

            printuint(0,2,3,kp);
            printuint(0,7,3,set);
            printuint(1,5,4,tpwm);
            printuint(0,13,5,pulse);

      }

}

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單片機PID算法控制電機轉速Proteus仿真程序

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