基于單片機(jī)控制的步進(jìn)電機(jī)設(shè)是以單片機(jī)為主控制模塊,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)的啟停、正反轉(zhuǎn)和調(diào)速的目的的一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)。
(1)、5個(gè)按鍵控制整個(gè)電路,對(duì)應(yīng)功能分別是:正轉(zhuǎn)、反轉(zhuǎn)、暫停/開始、速度加、速度減;
(2)、數(shù)碼管顯示電機(jī)運(yùn)行速度的檔數(shù)和正反轉(zhuǎn)的指示;
(3)、5個(gè)小紅燈一個(gè)為電源指示,四個(gè)指示電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。
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原理圖
2019-6-10 18:33 上傳
51hei.png (18.08 KB, 下載次數(shù): 57)
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2022-4-4 16:36 上傳
制作出來(lái)的實(shí)物圖如下:
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2019-6-11 03:16 上傳
0.png (401.48 KB, 下載次數(shù): 64)
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2019-6-11 03:16 上傳
單片機(jī)源程序如下:
- //四個(gè)按鍵控制步進(jìn)電機(jī):正轉(zhuǎn),反轉(zhuǎn),加1,減1
- //上電時(shí)電機(jī)啟動(dòng),加減檔位,電機(jī)采用單雙八拍方式
- //電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速一共10檔,通過(guò)按鍵調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速
- #include<reg51.h>
- #define uchar unsigned char
- #define uint unsigned int
- sbit s1 = P1^0;
- sbit s2 = P1^1;
- sbit s3 = P3^0;
- sbit s4 = P3^1;
- sbit s5 = P3^2;//按鍵定義,s1正轉(zhuǎn),s2反轉(zhuǎn),s3加1,s4減1
- sbit a = P2^7;sbit b = P2^6;sbit c = P2^5;sbit d = P2^4;//脈沖信號(hào)輸入端定義
- uchar code time_counter[10][2]={{0xda,0x1c},{0xde,0xe4},{0xe1,0xec},{0xe5,0xd4},{0xe9,0xbc}, //9.7 ----1ms
- {0xed,0xa4},{0xf1,0x8c},{0xf5,0x74},{0xf9,0x5c},{0xfc,0x18}};
- uchar num1 = 0;//控制取勵(lì)磁信號(hào)變量
- uchar num2 = 8;
- char k=0;//加減檔位控制,1為最小檔
- char pause=1;//暫停時(shí)保存之前的轉(zhuǎn)速,開機(jī)默認(rèn)1
- bit flag1 = 0;//初始正轉(zhuǎn),正反轉(zhuǎn)標(biāo)志
- //================================定時(shí)器0/1初始化函數(shù)================================
- void T0_T1_init()
- {
- TMOD = 0x11;//定時(shí)器0/1均工作于方式1,16位計(jì)時(shí)方式
- TH1 = time_counter[k-1][0];
- TL1 = time_counter[k-1][1];//定時(shí)器1,定時(shí)10ms用于步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制
- TR1 = 0;
- ET1= 1;//開定時(shí)器中斷
- EA = 1;//開總中斷
- }
- //================================ms級(jí)延時(shí)函數(shù)=======================================
- void delay1m(uint x)
- {
- uint i,j;
- for(i=0;i<x;i++) //連數(shù)x次,約 x ms
- for(j=0;j<120;j++); //數(shù)120 次,約1 ms
- }
- //================================主函數(shù)=============================================
- void main()
- {
- T0_T1_init();
- a=b=c=d=0;
- while(1)
- {
- if(s1 == 0)
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s1 == 0)
- {
- flag1 = 0;//正轉(zhuǎn)
- }
- while(!s1);
- }
- if(s2 == 0 )
- {
-
- delay1m(3);
- if(s2 == 0)
- {
- flag1 = 1;//反轉(zhuǎn)
- }
- while(!s2);
- }
- if(s3 == 0) //速度加1檔
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s3 == 0)
- {
- k++;
- TR1=1;
- if(k > 10 )
- {
- k = 1;
- }
- }
- while(!s3);
- }
- if(s4 == 0) //速度減1檔
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s4 == 0)
- {
- k--;
- TR1=1;
- if(k <= 0)
- {
- k = 10;
- }
- }
- while(!s4);
- }
- if(s5==0)
- {
- delay1m(3);
- if(s5==0)
- {
- if(TR1==1)
- {
- pause=k;
- k=0;
- TR1=0;
- a=b=c=d=0;
- }
- else if(TR1==0)
- {
- k=pause;
- TR1=1;
- }
- while(!s5);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- //==================================定時(shí)器1中斷函數(shù),用于脈沖頻率控制=====================================
- void time1_interrupt()interrupt 3
- {
- static num1 = 0;
- static num2 = 0;
- TH1 = time_counter[k-1][0];
- TL1 = time_counter[k-1][1];//定時(shí)器1,定時(shí)1 用于步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制
- if(flag1 == 0)//正轉(zhuǎn)
- {
- switch(num1)
- {
- case 0:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 1:a = 1;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 2:a = 0;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 3:a = 0;b = 1;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 4:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 5:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 1;break;
- case 6:a = 0;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- case 7:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- }
- num1++;
- if(num1 == 8)num1 = 0;
- }
- else //反轉(zhuǎn)
- {
- switch(num2)
- {
- case 0:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- case 1:a = 0;b = 0;c = 0;d = 1;break;
- case 2:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 1;break;
- case 3:a = 0;b = 0;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 4:a = 0;b = 1;c = 1;d = 0;break;
- case 5:a = 0;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 6:a = 1;b = 1;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- case 7:a = 1;b = 0;c = 0;d = 0;break;
- }
- num2++;
- if(num2 == 8)num2 = 0;
- }
- }
復(fù)制代碼
51hei.png (29.42 KB, 下載次數(shù): 75)
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2022-4-4 16:39 上傳
數(shù)字化電動(dòng)機(jī)控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展使電機(jī)這個(gè)古老的機(jī)電能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置得到新的發(fā)展和廣泛運(yùn)用,極大的改善了工農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率,改善了人民的生活水平。步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)是純粹的數(shù)字控制電動(dòng)機(jī),它將電脈沖信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變成角位移,即給一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào),步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)就轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)角度,因此非常適合于單片機(jī)控制。
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