【Arduino】108種傳感器模塊系列實驗（資料+代碼+圖形+仿真）

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 09:26

本帖最后由 eagler8 于 2019-8-4 14:27 編輯

3V3-------輸入電源電壓（推薦使用3.3，5V也可，但不推薦）
GDN------接地點
SIO_C-----SCCB接口的控制時鐘（注意：部分低級單片機需要上拉控制，和I2C接口類似）
SIO_D-----SCCB接口的串行數據輸入（出）端（注意：部分低級單片機需要上拉控制，和I2C接口類似）
VSYNC----幀同步信號（輸出信號）
HREF------行同步信號（輸出信號）
PCLK------像素時鐘（輸出信號）
D0-D7-----數據端口（輸出信號）
RESTE-----復位端口（正常使用拉高）
PWDN----功耗選擇模式（正常使用拉低）

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 11:34

/*
【Arduino】66種傳感器模塊系列實驗（80）
實驗八十： OV7670攝像頭模塊30W采集拍照模組（替OV7725）
程序通過驗證，上傳成功，結果是13腳LED一直閃爍，不知那根線接錯了，
已經檢查二遍了，還是不對，準備重新再連接一次，再不行只好放棄
備注：程序燒錄進arduino后，除了power燈之外，如果led燈（13腳）亮，說明出錯，
連接有問題，請檢查插線，正常會顯示tx燈閃爍，隔一段閃一次，不是狂閃，閃一次說
明采集完成了一張照片，也就是讀取了一幀，并傳輸完成，使用windows系統的采集軟件
ReadSerialPortWin打開圖像并保存。
*/
//wukongxuetang teacher zhang
// Source code for application to transmit image from ov7670 to PC via USB
// By Siarhei Charkes in 2015
// http://privateblog.info
#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/twi.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#define vga 0
#define qvga 1
#define qqvga 2
#define yuv422 0
#define rgb565 1
#define bayerRGB 2
#define camAddr_WR 0x42
#define camAddr_RD 0x43
/* Registers */
#define REG_GAIN 0x00 /* Gain lower 8 bits (rest in vref) */
#define REG_BLUE 0x01 /* blue gain */
#define REG_RED 0x02 /* red gain */
#define REG_VREF 0x03 /* Pieces of GAIN, VSTART, VSTOP */
#define REG_COM1 0x04 /* Control 1 */
#define COM1_CCIR656 0x40 /* CCIR656 enable */
#define REG_BAVE 0x05 /* U/B Average level */
#define REG_GbAVE 0x06 /* Y/Gb Average level */
#define REG_AECHH 0x07 /* AEC MS 5 bits */
#define REG_RAVE 0x08 /* V/R Average level */
#define REG_COM2 0x09 /* Control 2 */
#define COM2_SSLEEP 0x10 /* Soft sleep mode */
#define REG_PID 0x0a /* Product ID MSB */
#define REG_VER 0x0b /* Product ID LSB */
#define REG_COM3 0x0c /* Control 3 */
#define COM3_SWAP 0x40 /* Byte swap */
#define COM3_SCALEEN 0x08 /* Enable scaling */
#define COM3_DCWEN 0x04 /* Enable downsamp/crop/window */
#define REG_COM4 0x0d /* Control 4 */
#define REG_COM5 0x0e /* All "reserved" */
#define REG_COM6 0x0f /* Control 6 */
#define REG_AECH 0x10 /* More bits of AEC value */
#define REG_CLKRC 0x11 /* Clocl control */
#define CLK_EXT 0x40 /* Use external clock directly */
#define CLK_SCALE 0x3f /* Mask for internal clock scale */
#define REG_COM7 0x12 /* Control 7 */ //REG mean address.
#define COM7_RESET 0x80 /* Register reset */
#define COM7_FMT_MASK 0x38
#define COM7_FMT_VGA 0x00
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_FMT_QVGA 0x10 /* QVGA format */
#define COM7_FMT_QCIF 0x08 /* QCIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "rocessed bayer" */
#define REG_COM8 0x13 /* Control 8 */
#define COM8_FASTAEC 0x80 /* Enable fast AGC/AEC */
#define COM8_AECSTEP 0x40 /* Unlimited AEC step size */
#define COM8_BFILT 0x20 /* Band filter enable */
#define COM8_AGC 0x04 /* Auto gain enable */
#define COM8_AWB 0x02 /* White balance enable */
#define COM8_AEC 0x01 /* Auto exposure enable */
#define REG_COM9 0x14 /* Control 9- gain ceiling */
#define REG_COM10 0x15 /* Control 10 */
#define COM10_HSYNC 0x40 /* HSYNC instead of HREF */
#define COM10_PCLK_HB 0x20 /* Suppress PCLK on horiz blank */
#define COM10_HREF_REV 0x08 /* Reverse HREF */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM10_VS_NEG 0x02 /* VSYNC negative */
#define COM10_HS_NEG 0x01 /* HSYNC negative */
#define REG_HSTART 0x17 /* Horiz start high bits */
#define REG_HSTOP 0x18 /* Horiz stop high bits */
#define REG_VSTART 0x19 /* Vert start high bits */
#define REG_VSTOP 0x1a /* Vert stop high bits */
#define REG_PSHFT 0x1b /* Pixel delay after HREF */
#define REG_MIDH 0x1c /* Manuf. ID high */
#define REG_MIDL 0x1d /* Manuf. ID low */
#define REG_MVFP 0x1e /* Mirror / vflip */
#define MVFP_MIRROR 0x20 /* Mirror image */
#define MVFP_FLIP 0x10 /* Vertical flip */
#define REG_AEW 0x24 /* AGC upper limit */
#define REG_AEB 0x25 /* AGC lower limit */
#define REG_VPT 0x26 /* AGC/AEC fast mode op region */
#define REG_HSYST 0x30 /* HSYNC rising edge delay */
#define REG_HSYEN 0x31 /* HSYNC falling edge delay */
#define REG_HREF 0x32 /* HREF pieces */
#define REG_TSLB 0x3a /* lots of stuff */
#define TSLB_YLAST 0x04 /* UYVY or VYUY - see com13 */
#define REG_COM11 0x3b /* Control 11 */
#define COM11_NIGHT 0x80 /* NIght mode enable */
#define COM11_NMFR 0x60 /* Two bit NM frame rate */
#define COM11_HZAUTO 0x10 /* Auto detect 50/60 Hz */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM11_EXP 0x02
#define REG_COM12 0x3c /* Control 12 */
#define COM12_HREF 0x80 /* HREF always */
#define REG_COM13 0x3d /* Control 13 */
#define COM13_GAMMA 0x80 /* Gamma enable */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM13_UVSWAP 0x01 /* V before U - w/TSLB */
#define REG_COM14 0x3e /* Control 14 */
#define COM14_DCWEN 0x10 /* DCW/PCLK-scale enable */
#define REG_EDGE 0x3f /* Edge enhancement factor */
#define REG_COM15 0x40 /* Control 15 */
#define COM15_R10F0 0x00 /* Data range 10 to F0 */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define COM15_R00FF 0xc0 /* 00 to FF */
#define COM15_RGB565 0x10 /* RGB565 output */
#define COM15_RGB555 0x30 /* RGB555 output */
#define REG_COM16 0x41 /* Control 16 */
#define COM16_AWBGAIN 0x08 /* AWB gain enable */
#define REG_COM17 0x42 /* Control 17 */
#define COM17_AECWIN 0xc0 /* AEC window - must match COM4 */
#define COM17_CBAR 0x08 /* DSP Color bar */
/*
* This matrix defines how the colors are generated, must be
* tweaked to adjust hue and saturation.
*
* Order: v-red, v-green, v-blue, u-red, u-green, u-blue
* They are nine-bit signed quantities, with the sign bit
* stored in0x58.Sign for v-red is bit 0, and up from there.
*/
#define REG_CMATRIX_BASE 0x4f
#define CMATRIX_LEN 6
#define REG_CMATRIX_SIGN 0x58
#define REG_BRIGHT 0x55 /* Brightness */
#define REG_CONTRAS 0x56 /* Contrast control */
#define REG_GFIX 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define REG_REG76 0x76 /* OV's name */
#define R76_BLKPCOR 0x80 /* Black pixel correction enable */
#define R76_WHTPCOR 0x40 /* White pixel correction enable */
#define REG_RGB444 0x8c /* RGB 444 control */
#define R444_ENABLE 0x02 /* Turn on RGB444, overrides 5x5 */
#define R444_RGBX 0x01 /* Empty nibble at end */
#define REG_HAECC1 0x9f /* Hist AEC/AGC control 1 */
#define REG_HAECC2 0xa0 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 2 */
#define REG_BD50MAX 0xa5 /* 50hz banding step limit */
#define REG_HAECC3 0xa6 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 3 */
#define REG_HAECC4 0xa7 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 4 */
#define REG_HAECC5 0xa8 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 5 */
#define REG_HAECC6 0xa9 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 6 */
#define REG_HAECC7 0xaa /* Hist AEC/AGC control 7 */
#define REG_BD60MAX 0xab /* 60hz banding step limit */
#define REG_GAIN 0x00 /* Gain lower 8 bits (rest in vref) */
#define REG_BLUE 0x01 /* blue gain */
#define REG_RED 0x02 /* red gain */
#define REG_VREF 0x03 /* Pieces of GAIN, VSTART, VSTOP */
#define REG_COM1 0x04 /* Control 1 */
#define COM1_CCIR656 0x40 /* CCIR656 enable */
#define REG_BAVE 0x05 /* U/B Average level */
#define REG_GbAVE 0x06 /* Y/Gb Average level */
#define REG_AECHH 0x07 /* AEC MS 5 bits */
#define REG_RAVE 0x08 /* V/R Average level */
#define REG_COM2 0x09 /* Control 2 */
#define COM2_SSLEEP 0x10 /* Soft sleep mode */
#define REG_PID 0x0a /* Product ID MSB */
#define REG_VER 0x0b /* Product ID LSB */
#define REG_COM3 0x0c /* Control 3 */
#define COM3_SWAP 0x40 /* Byte swap */
#define COM3_SCALEEN 0x08 /* Enable scaling */
#define COM3_DCWEN 0x04 /* Enable downsamp/crop/window */
#define REG_COM4 0x0d /* Control 4 */
#define REG_COM5 0x0e /* All "reserved" */
#define REG_COM6 0x0f /* Control 6 */
#define REG_AECH 0x10 /* More bits of AEC value */
#define REG_CLKRC 0x11 /* Clocl control */
#define CLK_EXT 0x40 /* Use external clock directly */
#define CLK_SCALE 0x3f /* Mask for internal clock scale */
#define REG_COM7 0x12 /* Control 7 */
#define COM7_RESET 0x80 /* Register reset */
#define COM7_FMT_MASK 0x38
#define COM7_FMT_VGA 0x00
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_FMT_QVGA 0x10 /* QVGA format */
#define COM7_FMT_QCIF 0x08 /* QCIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "rocessed bayer" */
#define REG_COM8 0x13 /* Control 8 */
#define COM8_FASTAEC 0x80 /* Enable fast AGC/AEC */
#define COM8_AECSTEP 0x40 /* Unlimited AEC step size */
#define COM8_BFILT 0x20 /* Band filter enable */
#define COM8_AGC 0x04 /* Auto gain enable */
#define COM8_AWB 0x02 /* White balance enable */
#define COM8_AEC 0x01 /* Auto exposure enable */
#define REG_COM9 0x14 /* Control 9- gain ceiling */
#define REG_COM10 0x15 /* Control 10 */
#define COM10_HSYNC 0x40 /* HSYNC instead of HREF */
#define COM10_PCLK_HB 0x20 /* Suppress PCLK on horiz blank */
#define COM10_HREF_REV 0x08 /* Reverse HREF */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM10_VS_NEG 0x02 /* VSYNC negative */
#define COM10_HS_NEG 0x01 /* HSYNC negative */
#define REG_HSTART 0x17 /* Horiz start high bits */
#define REG_HSTOP 0x18 /* Horiz stop high bits */
#define REG_VSTART 0x19 /* Vert start high bits */
#define REG_VSTOP 0x1a /* Vert stop high bits */
#define REG_PSHFT 0x1b /* Pixel delay after HREF */
#define REG_MIDH 0x1c /* Manuf. ID high */
#define REG_MIDL 0x1d /* Manuf. ID low */
#define REG_MVFP 0x1e /* Mirror / vflip */
#define MVFP_MIRROR 0x20 /* Mirror image */
#define MVFP_FLIP 0x10 /* Vertical flip */
#define REG_AEW 0x24 /* AGC upper limit */
#define REG_AEB 0x25 /* AGC lower limit */
#define REG_VPT 0x26 /* AGC/AEC fast mode op region */
#define REG_HSYST 0x30 /* HSYNC rising edge delay */
#define REG_HSYEN 0x31 /* HSYNC falling edge delay */
#define REG_HREF 0x32 /* HREF pieces */
#define REG_TSLB 0x3a /* lots of stuff */
#define TSLB_YLAST 0x04 /* UYVY or VYUY - see com13 */
#define REG_COM11 0x3b /* Control 11 */
#define COM11_NIGHT 0x80 /* NIght mode enable */
#define COM11_NMFR 0x60 /* Two bit NM frame rate */
#define COM11_HZAUTO 0x10 /* Auto detect 50/60 Hz */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM11_EXP 0x02
#define REG_COM12 0x3c /* Control 12 */
#define COM12_HREF 0x80 /* HREF always */
#define REG_COM13 0x3d /* Control 13 */
#define COM13_GAMMA 0x80 /* Gamma enable */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM13_UVSWAP 0x01 /* V before U - w/TSLB */
#define REG_COM14 0x3e /* Control 14 */
#define COM14_DCWEN 0x10 /* DCW/PCLK-scale enable */
#define REG_EDGE 0x3f /* Edge enhancement factor */
#define REG_COM15 0x40 /* Control 15 */
#define COM15_R10F0 0x00 /* Data range 10 to F0 */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define COM15_R00FF 0xc0 /* 00 to FF */
#define COM15_RGB565 0x10 /* RGB565 output */
#define COM15_RGB555 0x30 /* RGB555 output */
#define REG_COM16 0x41 /* Control 16 */
#define COM16_AWBGAIN 0x08 /* AWB gain enable */
#define REG_COM17 0x42 /* Control 17 */
#define COM17_AECWIN 0xc0 /* AEC window - must match COM4 */
#define COM17_CBAR 0x08 /* DSP Color bar */
#define CMATRIX_LEN 6
#define REG_BRIGHT 0x55 /* Brightness */
#define REG_REG76 0x76 /* OV's name */
#define R76_BLKPCOR 0x80 /* Black pixel correction enable */
#define R76_WHTPCOR 0x40 /* White pixel correction enable */
#define REG_RGB444 0x8c /* RGB 444 control */
#define R444_ENABLE 0x02 /* Turn on RGB444, overrides 5x5 */
#define R444_RGBX 0x01 /* Empty nibble at end */
#define REG_HAECC1 0x9f /* Hist AEC/AGC control 1 */
#define REG_HAECC2 0xa0 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 2 */
#define REG_BD50MAX 0xa5 /* 50hz banding step limit */
#define REG_HAECC3 0xa6 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 3 */
#define REG_HAECC4 0xa7 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 4 */
#define REG_HAECC5 0xa8 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 5 */
#define REG_HAECC6 0xa9 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 6 */
#define REG_HAECC7 0xaa /* Hist AEC/AGC control 7 */
#define REG_BD60MAX 0xab /* 60hz banding step limit */
#define MTX1 0x4f /* Matrix Coefficient 1 */
#define MTX2 0x50 /* Matrix Coefficient 2 */
#define MTX3 0x51 /* Matrix Coefficient 3 */
#define MTX4 0x52 /* Matrix Coefficient 4 */
#define MTX5 0x53 /* Matrix Coefficient 5 */
#define MTX6 0x54 /* Matrix Coefficient 6 */
#define REG_CONTRAS 0x56 /* Contrast control */
#define MTXS 0x58 /* Matrix Coefficient Sign */
#define AWBC7 0x59 /* AWB Control 7 */
#define AWBC8 0x5a /* AWB Control 8 */
#define AWBC9 0x5b /* AWB Control 9 */
#define AWBC10 0x5c /* AWB Control 10 */
#define AWBC11 0x5d /* AWB Control 11 */
#define AWBC12 0x5e /* AWB Control 12 */
#define REG_GFI 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define GGAIN 0x6a /* G Channel AWB Gain */
#define DBLV 0x6b
#define AWBCTR3 0x6c /* AWB Control 3 */
#define AWBCTR2 0x6d /* AWB Control 2 */
#define AWBCTR1 0x6e /* AWB Control 1 */
#define AWBCTR0 0x6f /* AWB Control 0 */
struct regval_list{
uint8_t reg_num;
uint16_t value;
};
const struct regval_list qvga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{ REG_COM14, 0x19 },
{ 0x72, 0x11 },
{ 0x73, 0xf1 },
{ REG_HSTART, 0x16 },
{ REG_HSTOP, 0x04 },
{ REG_HREF, 0xa4 },
{ REG_VSTART, 0x02 },
{ REG_VSTOP, 0x7a },
{ REG_VREF, 0x0a },
/* { REG_HSTART, 0x16 },
{ REG_HSTOP, 0x04 },
{ REG_HREF, 0x24 },
{ REG_VSTART, 0x02 },
{ REG_VSTOP, 0x7a },
{ REG_VREF, 0x0a },*/
{ 0xff, 0xff }, /* END MARKER */
};
const struct regval_list yuv422_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{ REG_COM7, 0x0 }, /* Selects YUV mode */
{ REG_RGB444, 0 }, /* No RGB444 please */
{ REG_COM1, 0 },
{ REG_COM15, COM15_R00FF },
{ REG_COM9, 0x6A }, /* 128x gain ceiling; 0x8 is reserved bit */
{ 0x4f, 0x80 }, /* "matrix coefficient 1" */
{ 0x50, 0x80 }, /* "matrix coefficient 2" */
{ 0x51, 0 }, /* vb */
{ 0x52, 0x22 }, /* "matrix coefficient 4" */
{ 0x53, 0x5e }, /* "matrix coefficient 5" */
{ 0x54, 0x80 }, /* "matrix coefficient 6" */
{ REG_COM13, COM13_UVSAT },
{ 0xff, 0xff }, /* END MARKER */
};
const struct regval_list ov7670_default_regs[] PROGMEM = {//from the linux driver
{ REG_COM7, COM7_RESET },
{ REG_TSLB, 0x04 }, /* OV */
{ REG_COM7, 0 }, /* VGA */
/*
* Set the hardware window. These values from OV don't entirely
* make sense - hstop is less than hstart. But they work...
*/
{ REG_HSTART, 0x13 }, { REG_HSTOP, 0x01 },
{ REG_HREF, 0xb6 }, { REG_VSTART, 0x02 },
{ REG_VSTOP, 0x7a }, { REG_VREF, 0x0a },
{ REG_COM3, 0 }, { REG_COM14, 0 },
/* Mystery scaling numbers */
{ 0x70, 0x3a }, { 0x71, 0x35 },
{ 0x72, 0x11 }, { 0x73, 0xf0 },
{ 0xa2,/* 0x02 changed to 1*/1 }, { REG_COM10, 0x0 },
/* Gamma curve values */
{ 0x7a, 0x20 }, { 0x7b, 0x10 },
{ 0x7c, 0x1e }, { 0x7d, 0x35 },
{ 0x7e, 0x5a }, { 0x7f, 0x69 },
{ 0x80, 0x76 }, { 0x81, 0x80 },
{ 0x82, 0x88 }, { 0x83, 0x8f },
{ 0x84, 0x96 }, { 0x85, 0xa3 },
{ 0x86, 0xaf }, { 0x87, 0xc4 },
{ 0x88, 0xd7 }, { 0x89, 0xe8 },
/* AGC and AEC parameters. Note we start by disabling those features,
then turn them only after tweaking the values. */
{ REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP },
{ REG_GAIN, 0 }, { REG_AECH, 0 },
{ REG_COM4, 0x40 }, /* magic reserved bit */
{ REG_COM9, 0x18 }, /* 4x gain + magic rsvd bit */
{ REG_BD50MAX, 0x05 }, { REG_BD60MAX, 0x07 },
{ REG_AEW, 0x95 }, { REG_AEB, 0x33 },
{ REG_VPT, 0xe3 }, { REG_HAECC1, 0x78 },
{ REG_HAECC2, 0x68 }, { 0xa1, 0x03 }, /* magic */
{ REG_HAECC3, 0xd8 }, { REG_HAECC4, 0xd8 },
{ REG_HAECC5, 0xf0 }, { REG_HAECC6, 0x90 },
{ REG_HAECC7, 0x94 },
{ REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP | COM8_AGC | COM8_AEC },
{ 0x30, 0 }, { 0x31, 0 },//disable some delays
/* Almost all of these are magic "reserved" values. */
{ REG_COM5, 0x61 }, { REG_COM6, 0x4b },
{ 0x16, 0x02 }, { REG_MVFP, 0x07 },
{ 0x21, 0x02 }, { 0x22, 0x91 },
{ 0x29, 0x07 }, { 0x33, 0x0b },
{ 0x35, 0x0b }, { 0x37, 0x1d },
{ 0x38, 0x71 }, { 0x39, 0x2a },
{ REG_COM12, 0x78 }, { 0x4d, 0x40 },
{ 0x4e, 0x20 }, { REG_GFIX, 0 },
/*{0x6b, 0x4a},*/{ 0x74, 0x10 },
{ 0x8d, 0x4f }, { 0x8e, 0 },
{ 0x8f, 0 }, { 0x90, 0 },
{ 0x91, 0 }, { 0x96, 0 },
{ 0x9a, 0 }, { 0xb0, 0x84 },
{ 0xb1, 0x0c }, { 0xb2, 0x0e },
{ 0xb3, 0x82 }, { 0xb8, 0x0a },
/* More reserved magic, some of which tweaks white balance */
{ 0x43, 0x0a }, { 0x44, 0xf0 },
{ 0x45, 0x34 }, { 0x46, 0x58 },
{ 0x47, 0x28 }, { 0x48, 0x3a },
{ 0x59, 0x88 }, { 0x5a, 0x88 },
{ 0x5b, 0x44 }, { 0x5c, 0x67 },
{ 0x5d, 0x49 }, { 0x5e, 0x0e },
{ 0x6c, 0x0a }, { 0x6d, 0x55 },
{ 0x6e, 0x11 }, { 0x6f, 0x9e }, /* it was 0x9F "9e for advance AWB" */
{ 0x6a, 0x40 }, { REG_BLUE, 0x40 },
{ REG_RED, 0x60 },
{ REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP | COM8_AGC | COM8_AEC | COM8_AWB },
/* Matrix coefficients */
{ 0x4f, 0x80 }, { 0x50, 0x80 },
{ 0x51, 0 }, { 0x52, 0x22 },
{ 0x53, 0x5e }, { 0x54, 0x80 },
{ 0x58, 0x9e },
{ REG_COM16, COM16_AWBGAIN }, { REG_EDGE, 0 },
{ 0x75, 0x05 }, { REG_REG76, 0xe1 },
{ 0x4c, 0 }, { 0x77, 0x01 },
{ REG_COM13, /*0xc3*/0x48 }, { 0x4b, 0x09 },
{ 0xc9, 0x60 }, /*{REG_COM16, 0x38},*/
{ 0x56, 0x40 },
{ 0x34, 0x11 }, { REG_COM11, COM11_EXP | COM11_HZAUTO },
{ 0xa4, 0x82/*Was 0x88*/ }, { 0x96, 0 },
{ 0x97, 0x30 }, { 0x98, 0x20 },
{ 0x99, 0x30 }, { 0x9a, 0x84 },
{ 0x9b, 0x29 }, { 0x9c, 0x03 },
{ 0x9d, 0x4c }, { 0x9e, 0x3f },
{ 0x78, 0x04 },
/* Extra-weird stuff. Some sort of multiplexor register */
{ 0x79, 0x01 }, { 0xc8, 0xf0 },
{ 0x79, 0x0f }, { 0xc8, 0x00 },
{ 0x79, 0x10 }, { 0xc8, 0x7e },
{ 0x79, 0x0a }, { 0xc8, 0x80 },
{ 0x79, 0x0b }, { 0xc8, 0x01 },
{ 0x79, 0x0c }, { 0xc8, 0x0f },
{ 0x79, 0x0d }, { 0xc8, 0x20 },
{ 0x79, 0x09 }, { 0xc8, 0x80 },
{ 0x79, 0x02 }, { 0xc8, 0xc0 },
{ 0x79, 0x03 }, { 0xc8, 0x40 },
{ 0x79, 0x05 }, { 0xc8, 0x30 },
{ 0x79, 0x26 },
{ 0xff, 0xff }, /* END MARKER */
};
void error_led(void){
DDRB |= 32;//make sure led is output
while (1){//wait for reset
PORTB ^= 32;// toggle led
_delay_ms(100);
}
}
void twiStart(void){
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWSTA) | _BV(TWEN);//send start
while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT)));//wait for start to be transmitted
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_START)
error_led();
}
void twiWriteByte(uint8_t DATA, uint8_t type){
TWDR = DATA;
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
while (!(TWCR & (1 << TWINT))) {}
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != type)
error_led();
}
void twiAddr(uint8_t addr, uint8_t typeTWI){
TWDR = addr;//send address
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN); /* clear interrupt to start transmission */
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != typeTWI)
error_led();
}
void wrReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t dat){
//send start condition
twiStart();
twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(dat, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
}
static uint8_t twiRd(uint8_t nack){
if (nack){
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_NACK)
error_led();
return TWDR;
}
else{
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWEA);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_ACK)
error_led();
return TWDR;
}
}
uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg){
uint8_t dat;
twiStart();
twiAddr(camAddr_WR, TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg, TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
twiStart();
twiAddr(camAddr_RD, TW_MR_SLA_ACK);
dat = twiRd(1);
TWCR = (1 << TWINT) | (1 << TWEN) | (1 << TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
return dat;
}
void wrSensorRegs8_8(const struct regval_list reglist[]){
uint8_t reg_addr, reg_val;
const struct regval_list *next = reglist;
while ((reg_addr != 0xff) | (reg_val != 0xff)){
reg_addr = pgm_read_byte(&next->reg_num);
reg_val = pgm_read_byte(&next->value);
wrReg(reg_addr, reg_val);
next++;
}
}
void setColor(void){
wrSensorRegs8_8(yuv422_ov7670);
}
void setRes(void){
wrReg(REG_COM3, 4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
wrSensorRegs8_8(qvga_ov7670);
}
void camInit(void){
wrReg(0x12, 0x80);
_delay_ms(100);
wrSensorRegs8_8(ov7670_default_regs);
wrReg(REG_COM10, 32);//PCLK does not toggle on HBLANK.
}
void arduinoUnoInut(void) {
cli();//disable interrupts
/* Setup the 8mhz PWM clock
* This will be on pin 11*/
DDRB |= (1 << 3);//pin 11
ASSR &= ~(_BV(EXCLK) | _BV(AS2));
TCCR2A = (1 << COM2A0) | (1 << WGM21) | (1 << WGM20);
TCCR2B = (1 << WGM22) | (1 << CS20);
OCR2A = 0;//(F_CPU)/(2*(X+1))
DDRC &= ~15;//low d0-d3 camera
DDRD &= ~252;//d7-d4 and interrupt pins
_delay_ms(3000);
//set up twi for 100khz
TWSR &= ~3;//disable prescaler for TWI
TWBR = 72;//set to 100khz
//enable serial
UBRR0H = 0;
UBRR0L = 1;//0 = 2M baud rate. 1 = 1M baud. 3 = 0.5M. 7 = 250k 207 is 9600 baud rate.
UCSR0A |= 2;//double speed aysnc
UCSR0B = (1 << RXEN0) | (1 << TXEN0);//Enable receiver and transmitter
UCSR0C = 6;//async 1 stop bit 8bit char no parity bits
}
void StringPgm(const char * str){
do{
while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));//wait for byte to transmit
UDR0 = pgm_read_byte_near(str);
while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));//wait for byte to transmit
} while (pgm_read_byte_near(++str));
}
static void captureImg(uint16_t wg, uint16_t hg){
uint16_t y, x;
StringPgm(PSTR("*RDY*"));
while (!(PIND & 8));//wait for high
while ((PIND & 8));//wait for low
y = hg;
while (y--){
x = wg;
//while (!(PIND & 256));//wait for high
while (x--){
while ((PIND & 4));//wait for low
UDR0 = (PINC & 15) | (PIND & 240);
while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0)));//wait for byte to transmit
while (!(PIND & 4));//wait for high
while ((PIND & 4));//wait for low
while (!(PIND & 4));//wait for high
}
// while ((PIND & 256));//wait for low
}
// _delay_ms(100);
}
void setup(){
arduinoUnoInut();
camInit();
setRes();
setColor();
wrReg(0x11, 10); //Earlier it had the value: wrReg(0x11, 12); New version works better for me !!!!
}
void loop(){
captureImg(320, 240);
}

復制代碼

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 11:54

雖然能通過驗證并上傳成功，還是發現有紅字的警告，不懂如何處理

ino:24:0: warning: "F_CPU" redefined

#define F_CPU 16000000UL

^

<command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 12:12

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 14:26

/*
【Arduino】66種傳感器模塊系列實驗（80）
實驗八十： OV7670攝像頭模塊30W采集拍照模組（替OV7725）
程序之二
直接用arduino的Wire庫函數對ov7670 fifo寄存器進行操作需要注意的是：
1.要對官方給的芯片地址0x42向右移一位；
2.要先對其進行復位也就是將0x12寄存器寫0x80；
3.這里讀的是兩個寄存器這里讀的分別是兩個標志寄存器PID和VER，地址分別是0x0a和0x0b。
然后運行的結果就像這樣
*/
#include <Wire.h>
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
Wire.begin();
Wire.beginTransmission(0x42>>1);
Wire.write(0x12);
Wire.write(0x80);
Wire.endTransmission();
delay(10);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
Wire.beginTransmission(0x42>>1);
Wire.write(0x0a);
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom((0x42>>1), 2);
byte data1 = Wire.read();
byte data2 = Wire.read();
Serial.println(data1,HEX);
Serial.println(data2,HEX);
Serial.println("********");
delay(1000);
}

復制代碼

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 14:30

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 14:52

/*
【Arduino】66種傳感器模塊系列實驗（80）
實驗八十： OV7670攝像頭模塊30W采集拍照模組（替OV7725）
在github.com上的最新OV7670庫文件
OV7670.h
*/
#pragma once
#include <stdint.h>
void wrReg(uint8_t reg,uint8_t dat);
uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg);
enum RESOLUTION{VGA,QVGA,QQVGA};
enum COLORSPACE{YUV422,RGB565,BAYER_RGB};
struct regval_list{
uint8_t reg_num;
uint8_t value;
};
void setColorSpace(enum COLORSPACE color);
void setRes(enum RESOLUTION res);
void camInit(void);
#define OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS 0x21
/* Registers */
#define REG_GAIN 0x00 /* Gain lower 8 bits (rest in vref) */
#define REG_BLUE 0x01 /* blue gain */
#define REG_RED 0x02 /* red gain */
#define REG_VREF 0x03 /* Pieces of GAIN, VSTART, VSTOP */
#define REG_COM1 0x04 /* Control 1 */
#define COM1_CCIR656 0x40 /* CCIR656 enable */
#define REG_BAVE 0x05 /* U/B Average level */
#define REG_GbAVE 0x06 /* Y/Gb Average level */
#define REG_AECHH 0x07 /* AEC MS 5 bits */
#define REG_RAVE 0x08 /* V/R Average level */
#define REG_COM2 0x09 /* Control 2 */
#define COM2_SSLEEP 0x10 /* Soft sleep mode */
#define REG_PID 0x0a /* Product ID MSB */
#define REG_VER 0x0b /* Product ID LSB */
#define REG_COM3 0x0c /* Control 3 */
#define COM3_SWAP 0x40 /* Byte swap */
#define COM3_SCALEEN 0x08 /* Enable scaling */
#define COM3_DCWEN 0x04 /* Enable downsamp/crop/window */
#define REG_COM4 0x0d /* Control 4 */
#define REG_COM5 0x0e /* All "reserved" */
#define REG_COM6 0x0f /* Control 6 */
#define REG_AECH 0x10 /* More bits of AEC value */
#define REG_CLKRC 0x11 /* Clocl control */
#define CLK_EXT 0x40 /* Use external clock directly */
#define CLK_SCALE 0x3f /* Mask for internal clock scale */
#define REG_COM7 0x12 /* Control 7 */
#define COM7_RESET 0x80 /* Register reset */
#define COM7_FMT_MASK 0x38
#define COM7_FMT_VGA 0x00
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_FMT_QVGA 0x10 /* QVGA format */
#define COM7_FMT_QCIF 0x08 /* QCIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "Processed bayer" */
#define REG_COM8 0x13 /* Control 8 */
#define COM8_FASTAEC 0x80 /* Enable fast AGC/AEC */
#define COM8_AECSTEP 0x40 /* Unlimited AEC step size */
#define COM8_BFILT 0x20 /* Band filter enable */
#define COM8_AGC 0x04 /* Auto gain enable */
#define COM8_AWB 0x02 /* White balance enable */
#define COM8_AEC 0x01 /* Auto exposure enable */
#define REG_COM9 0x14 /* Control 9- gain ceiling */
#define REG_COM10 0x15 /* Control 10 */
#define COM10_HSYNC 0x40 /* HSYNC instead of HREF */
#define COM10_PCLK_HB 0x20 /* Suppress PCLK on horiz blank */
#define COM10_HREF_REV 0x08 /* Reverse HREF */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM10_VS_NEG 0x02 /* VSYNC negative */
#define COM10_HS_NEG 0x01 /* HSYNC negative */
#define REG_HSTART 0x17 /* Horiz start high bits */
#define REG_HSTOP 0x18 /* Horiz stop high bits */
#define REG_VSTART 0x19 /* Vert start high bits */
#define REG_VSTOP 0x1a /* Vert stop high bits */
#define REG_PSHFT 0x1b /* Pixel delay after HREF */
#define REG_MIDH 0x1c /* Manuf. ID high */
#define REG_MIDL 0x1d /* Manuf. ID low */
#define REG_MVFP 0x1e /* Mirror / vflip */
#define MVFP_MIRROR 0x20 /* Mirror image */
#define MVFP_FLIP 0x10 /* Vertical flip */
#define REG_AEW 0x24 /* AGC upper limit */
#define REG_AEB 0x25 /* AGC lower limit */
#define REG_VPT 0x26 /* AGC/AEC fast mode op region */
#define REG_HSYST 0x30 /* HSYNC rising edge delay */
#define REG_HSYEN 0x31 /* HSYNC falling edge delay */
#define REG_HREF 0x32 /* HREF pieces */
#define REG_TSLB 0x3a /* lots of stuff */
#define TSLB_YLAST 0x04 /* UYVY or VYUY - see com13 */
#define REG_COM11 0x3b /* Control 11 */
#define COM11_NIGHT 0x80 /* NIght mode enable */
#define COM11_NMFR 0x60 /* Two bit NM frame rate */
#define COM11_HZAUTO 0x10 /* Auto detect 50/60 Hz */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM11_EXP 0x02
#define REG_COM12 0x3c /* Control 12 */
#define COM12_HREF 0x80 /* HREF always */
#define REG_COM13 0x3d /* Control 13 */
#define COM13_GAMMA 0x80 /* Gamma enable */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM13_UVSWAP 0x01 /* V before U - w/TSLB */
#define REG_COM14 0x3e /* Control 14 */
#define COM14_DCWEN 0x10 /* DCW/PCLK-scale enable */
#define REG_EDGE 0x3f /* Edge enhancement factor */
#define REG_COM15 0x40 /* Control 15 */
#define COM15_R10F0 0x00 /* Data range 10 to F0 */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define COM15_R00FF 0xc0 /* 00 to FF */
#define COM15_RGB565 0x10 /* RGB565 output */
#define COM15_RGB555 0x30 /* RGB555 output */
#define REG_COM16 0x41 /* Control 16 */
#define COM16_AWBGAIN 0x08 /* AWB gain enable */
#define REG_COM17 0x42 /* Control 17 */
#define COM17_AECWIN 0xc0 /* AEC window - must match COM4 */
#define COM17_CBAR 0x08 /* DSP Color bar */
/*
* This matrix defines how the colors are generated, must be
* tweaked to adjust hue and saturation.
*
* Order: v-red, v-green, v-blue, u-red, u-green, u-blue
* They are nine-bit signed quantities, with the sign bit
* stored in0x58.Sign for v-red is bit 0, and up from there.
*/
#define REG_CMATRIX_BASE0x4f
#define CMATRIX_LEN 6
#define REG_CMATRIX_SIGN0x58
#define REG_BRIGHT 0x55 /* Brightness */
#define REG_CONTRAS 0x56 /* Contrast control */
#define REG_GFIX 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define REG_REG76 0x76 /* OV's name */
#define R76_BLKPCOR 0x80 /* Black pixel correction enable */
#define R76_WHTPCOR 0x40 /* White pixel correction enable */
#define REG_RGB444 0x8c /* RGB 444 control */
#define R444_ENABLE 0x02 /* Turn on RGB444, overrides 5x5 */
#define R444_RGBX 0x01 /* Empty nibble at end */
#define REG_HAECC1 0x9f /* Hist AEC/AGC control 1 */
#define REG_HAECC2 0xa0 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 2 */
#define REG_BD50MAX 0xa5 /* 50hz banding step limit */
#define REG_HAECC3 0xa6 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 3 */
#define REG_HAECC4 0xa7 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 4 */
#define REG_HAECC5 0xa8 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 5 */
#define REG_HAECC6 0xa9 /* Hist AEC/AGC control 6 */
#define REG_HAECC7 0xaa /* Hist AEC/AGC control 7 */
#define REG_BD60MAX 0xab /* 60hz banding step limit */
#define COM7_FMT_CIF 0x20 /* CIF format */
#define COM7_RGB 0x04 /* bits 0 and 2 - RGB format */
#define COM7_YUV 0x00 /* YUV */
#define COM7_BAYER 0x01 /* Bayer format */
#define COM7_PBAYER 0x05 /* "Processed bayer" */
#define COM10_VS_LEAD 0x04 /* VSYNC on clock leading edge */
#define COM11_50HZ 0x08 /* Manual 50Hz select */
#define COM13_UVSAT 0x40 /* UV saturation auto adjustment */
#define COM15_R01FE 0x80 /* 01 to FE */
#define MTX1 0x4f /* Matrix Coefficient 1 */
#define MTX2 0x50 /* Matrix Coefficient 2 */
#define MTX3 0x51 /* Matrix Coefficient 3 */
#define MTX4 0x52 /* Matrix Coefficient 4 */
#define MTX5 0x53 /* Matrix Coefficient 5 */
#define MTX6 0x54 /* Matrix Coefficient 6 */
#define MTXS 0x58 /* Matrix Coefficient Sign */
#define AWBC7 0x59 /* AWB Control 7 */
#define AWBC8 0x5a /* AWB Control 8 */
#define AWBC9 0x5b /* AWB Control 9 */
#define AWBC10 0x5c /* AWB Control 10 */
#define AWBC11 0x5d /* AWB Control 11 */
#define AWBC12 0x5e /* AWB Control 12 */
#define REG_GFI 0x69 /* Fix gain control */
#define GGAIN 0x6a /* G Channel AWB Gain */
#define DBLV 0x6b
#define AWBCTR3 0x6c /* AWB Control 3 */
#define AWBCTR2 0x6d /* AWB Control 2 */
#define AWBCTR1 0x6e /* AWB Control 1 */
#define AWBCTR0 0x6f /* AWB Control 0 */

復制代碼

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 14:55

/*
【Arduino】66種傳感器模塊系列實驗（80）
實驗八十： OV7670攝像頭模塊30W采集拍照模組（替OV7725）
在github.com上的最新OV7670庫文件之二
OV7670.c
*/
#define F_CPU 16000000UL
#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/twi.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include "ov7670.h"
static const struct regval_list vga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_HREF,0xF6}, // was B6
{0x17,0x13}, // HSTART
{0x18,0x01}, // HSTOP
{0x19,0x02}, // VSTART
{0x1a,0x7a}, // VSTOP
{REG_VREF,0x0a}, // VREF
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list qvga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM14, 0x19},
{0x72, 0x11},
{0x73, 0xf1},
{REG_HSTART,0x16},
{REG_HSTOP,0x04},
{REG_HREF,0x24},
{REG_VSTART,0x02},
{REG_VSTOP,0x7a},
{REG_VREF,0x0a},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list qqvga_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM14, 0x1a}, // divide by 4
{0x72, 0x22}, // downsample by 4
{0x73, 0xf2}, // divide by 4
{REG_HSTART,0x16},
{REG_HSTOP,0x04},
{REG_HREF,0xa4},
{REG_VSTART,0x02},
{REG_VSTOP,0x7a},
{REG_VREF,0x0a},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list yuv422_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM7, 0x0}, /* Selects YUV mode */
{REG_RGB444, 0}, /* No RGB444 please */
{REG_COM1, 0},
{REG_COM15, COM15_R00FF},
{REG_COM9, 0x6A}, /* 128x gain ceiling; 0x8 is reserved bit */
{0x4f, 0x80}, /* "matrix coefficient 1" */
{0x50, 0x80}, /* "matrix coefficient 2" */
{0x51, 0}, /* vb */
{0x52, 0x22}, /* "matrix coefficient 4" */
{0x53, 0x5e}, /* "matrix coefficient 5" */
{0x54, 0x80}, /* "matrix coefficient 6" */
{REG_COM13,/*COM13_GAMMA|*/COM13_UVSAT},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list rgb565_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM7, COM7_RGB}, /* Selects RGB mode */
{REG_RGB444, 0}, /* No RGB444 please */
{REG_COM1, 0x0},
{REG_COM15, COM15_RGB565|COM15_R00FF},
{REG_COM9, 0x6A}, /* 128x gain ceiling; 0x8 is reserved bit */
{0x4f, 0xb3}, /* "matrix coefficient 1" */
{0x50, 0xb3}, /* "matrix coefficient 2" */
{0x51, 0}, /* vb */
{0x52, 0x3d}, /* "matrix coefficient 4" */
{0x53, 0xa7}, /* "matrix coefficient 5" */
{0x54, 0xe4}, /* "matrix coefficient 6" */
{REG_COM13, /*COM13_GAMMA|*/COM13_UVSAT},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list bayerRGB_ov7670[] PROGMEM = {
{REG_COM7, COM7_BAYER},
{REG_COM13, 0x08}, /* No gamma, magic rsvd bit */
{REG_COM16, 0x3d}, /* Edge enhancement, denoise */
{REG_REG76, 0xe1}, /* Pix correction, magic rsvd */
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static const struct regval_list ov7670_default_regs[] PROGMEM = {//from the linux driver
{REG_COM7, COM7_RESET},
{REG_TSLB, 0x04}, /* OV */
{REG_COM7, 0}, /* VGA */
/*
* Set the hardware window. These values from OV don't entirely
* make sense - hstop is less than hstart. But they work...
*/
{REG_HSTART, 0x13}, {REG_HSTOP, 0x01},
{REG_HREF, 0xb6}, {REG_VSTART, 0x02},
{REG_VSTOP, 0x7a}, {REG_VREF, 0x0a},
{REG_COM3, 0}, {REG_COM14, 0},
/* Mystery scaling numbers */
{0x70, 0x3a}, {0x71, 0x35},
{0x72, 0x11}, {0x73, 0xf0},
{0xa2,/* 0x02 changed to 1*/1},{REG_COM10, COM10_VS_NEG},
/* Gamma curve values */
{0x7a, 0x20}, {0x7b, 0x10},
{0x7c, 0x1e}, {0x7d, 0x35},
{0x7e, 0x5a}, {0x7f, 0x69},
{0x80, 0x76}, {0x81, 0x80},
{0x82, 0x88}, {0x83, 0x8f},
{0x84, 0x96}, {0x85, 0xa3},
{0x86, 0xaf}, {0x87, 0xc4},
{0x88, 0xd7}, {0x89, 0xe8},
/* AGC and AEC parameters. Note we start by disabling those features,
then turn them only after tweaking the values. */
{REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC | COM8_AECSTEP},
{REG_GAIN, 0}, {REG_AECH, 0},
{REG_COM4, 0x40}, /* magic reserved bit */
{REG_COM9, 0x18}, /* 4x gain + magic rsvd bit */
{REG_BD50MAX, 0x05}, {REG_BD60MAX, 0x07},
{REG_AEW, 0x95}, {REG_AEB, 0x33},
{REG_VPT, 0xe3}, {REG_HAECC1, 0x78},
{REG_HAECC2, 0x68}, {0xa1, 0x03}, /* magic */
{REG_HAECC3, 0xd8}, {REG_HAECC4, 0xd8},
{REG_HAECC5, 0xf0}, {REG_HAECC6, 0x90},
{REG_HAECC7, 0x94},
{REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC|COM8_AECSTEP|COM8_AGC|COM8_AEC},
{0x30,0},{0x31,0},//disable some delays
/* Almost all of these are magic "reserved" values. */
{REG_COM5, 0x61}, {REG_COM6, 0x4b},
{0x16, 0x02}, {REG_MVFP, 0x07},
{0x21, 0x02}, {0x22, 0x91},
{0x29, 0x07}, {0x33, 0x0b},
{0x35, 0x0b}, {0x37, 0x1d},
{0x38, 0x71}, {0x39, 0x2a},
{REG_COM12, 0x78}, {0x4d, 0x40},
{0x4e, 0x20}, {REG_GFIX, 0},
/*{0x6b, 0x4a},*/ {0x74,0x10},
{0x8d, 0x4f}, {0x8e, 0},
{0x8f, 0}, {0x90, 0},
{0x91, 0}, {0x96, 0},
{0x9a, 0}, {0xb0, 0x84},
{0xb1, 0x0c}, {0xb2, 0x0e},
{0xb3, 0x82}, {0xb8, 0x0a},
/* More reserved magic, some of which tweaks white balance */
{0x43, 0x0a}, {0x44, 0xf0},
{0x45, 0x34}, {0x46, 0x58},
{0x47, 0x28}, {0x48, 0x3a},
{0x59, 0x88}, {0x5a, 0x88},
{0x5b, 0x44}, {0x5c, 0x67},
{0x5d, 0x49}, {0x5e, 0x0e},
{0x6c, 0x0a}, {0x6d, 0x55},
{0x6e, 0x11}, {0x6f, 0x9e}, /* it was 0x9F "9e for advance AWB" */
{0x6a, 0x40}, {REG_BLUE, 0x40},
{REG_RED, 0x60},
{REG_COM8, COM8_FASTAEC|COM8_AECSTEP|COM8_AGC|COM8_AEC|COM8_AWB},
/* Matrix coefficients */
{0x4f, 0x80}, {0x50, 0x80},
{0x51, 0}, {0x52, 0x22},
{0x53, 0x5e}, {0x54, 0x80},
{0x58, 0x9e},
{REG_COM16, COM16_AWBGAIN}, {REG_EDGE, 0},
{0x75, 0x05}, {REG_REG76, 0xe1},
{0x4c, 0}, {0x77, 0x01},
{REG_COM13, /*0xc3*/0x48}, {0x4b, 0x09},
{0xc9, 0x60}, /*{REG_COM16, 0x38},*/
{0x56, 0x40},
{0x34, 0x11}, {REG_COM11, COM11_EXP|COM11_HZAUTO},
{0xa4, 0x82/*Was 0x88*/}, {0x96, 0},
{0x97, 0x30}, {0x98, 0x20},
{0x99, 0x30}, {0x9a, 0x84},
{0x9b, 0x29}, {0x9c, 0x03},
{0x9d, 0x4c}, {0x9e, 0x3f},
{0x78, 0x04},
/* Extra-weird stuff. Some sort of multiplexor register */
{0x79, 0x01}, {0xc8, 0xf0},
{0x79, 0x0f}, {0xc8, 0x00},
{0x79, 0x10}, {0xc8, 0x7e},
{0x79, 0x0a}, {0xc8, 0x80},
{0x79, 0x0b}, {0xc8, 0x01},
{0x79, 0x0c}, {0xc8, 0x0f},
{0x79, 0x0d}, {0xc8, 0x20},
{0x79, 0x09}, {0xc8, 0x80},
{0x79, 0x02}, {0xc8, 0xc0},
{0x79, 0x03}, {0xc8, 0x40},
{0x79, 0x05}, {0xc8, 0x30},
{0x79, 0x26},
{0xff, 0xff}, /* END MARKER */
};
static void errorLed(void){
DDRB|=32;//make sure led is output
while(1){//wait for reset
PORTB^=32;// toggle led
_delay_ms(100);
}
}
static void twiStart(void){
TWCR=_BV(TWINT)| _BV(TWSTA)| _BV(TWEN);//send start
while(!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT)));//wait for start to be transmitted
if((TWSR & 0xF8)!=TW_START)
errorLed();
}
static void twiWriteByte(uint8_t DATA,uint8_t type){
TWDR = DATA;
TWCR = _BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN); /* clear interrupt to start transmission */
while (!(TWCR & (1<<TWINT))); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != type)
errorLed();
}
void wrReg(uint8_t reg,uint8_t dat){
//send start condition
twiStart();
twiWriteByte(OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS<<1,TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg,TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(dat,TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWEN)|(1<<TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
}
static uint8_t twiRd(uint8_t nack){
if (nack){
TWCR=_BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0); /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_NACK)
errorLed();
}else{
TWCR=_BV(TWINT) | _BV(TWEN) | _BV(TWEA);
while ((TWCR & _BV(TWINT)) == 0) ; /* wait for transmission */
if ((TWSR & 0xF8) != TW_MR_DATA_ACK)
errorLed();
}
return TWDR;
}
uint8_t rdReg(uint8_t reg){
uint8_t dat;
twiStart();
twiWriteByte(OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS<<1,TW_MT_SLA_ACK);
twiWriteByte(reg,TW_MT_DATA_ACK);
TWCR = (1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWEN)|(1<<TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
twiStart();
twiWriteByte((OV7670_I2C_ADDRESS<<1)|1,TW_MR_SLA_ACK);
dat=twiRd(1);
TWCR = (1<<TWINT)|(1<<TWEN)|(1<<TWSTO);//send stop
_delay_ms(1);
return dat;
}
static void wrSensorRegs8_8(const struct regval_list reglist[]){
const struct regval_list *next = reglist;
for(;;){
uint8_t reg_addr = pgm_read_byte(&next->reg_num);
uint8_t reg_val = pgm_read_byte(&next->value);
if((reg_addr==255)&&(reg_val==255))
break;
wrReg(reg_addr, reg_val);
next++;
}
}
void setColorSpace(enum COLORSPACE color){
switch(color){
case YUV422:
wrSensorRegs8_8(yuv422_ov7670);
break;
case RGB565:
wrSensorRegs8_8(rgb565_ov7670);
{uint8_t temp=rdReg(0x11);
_delay_ms(1);
wrReg(0x11,temp);}//according to the Linux kernel driver rgb565 PCLK needs rewriting
break;
case BAYER_RGB:
wrSensorRegs8_8(bayerRGB_ov7670);
break;
}
}
void setRes(enum RESOLUTION res){
switch(res){
case VGA:
wrReg(REG_COM3,0); // REG_COM3
wrSensorRegs8_8(vga_ov7670);
break;
case QVGA:
wrReg(REG_COM3,4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
wrSensorRegs8_8(qvga_ov7670);
break;
case QQVGA:
wrReg(REG_COM3,4); // REG_COM3 enable scaling
wrSensorRegs8_8(qqvga_ov7670);
break;
}
}
void camInit(void){
wrReg(0x12, 0x80);//Reset the camera.
_delay_ms(100);
wrSensorRegs8_8(ov7670_default_regs);
wrReg(REG_COM10,32);//PCLK does not toggle on HBLANK.
}

復制代碼

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 15:01

實驗八十一：槽型光耦對射光電開關模塊（紅外計數測速傳感器）

槽型光耦
以光為媒介傳輸電信號。它對輸入、輸出電信號有良好的隔離作用，所以，它在各種電路中得 1553b耦合器線纜接頭到廣泛的應用。目前它已成為種類最多、用途最廣的光電器件之一。光耦合器一般由三部分組成：光的發射、光的接收及信號放大。輸入的電信號驅動發光二極管（LED），使之發出一定波長的光，被光探測器接收而產生光電流，再經過進一步放大后輸出。這就完成了電—光—電的轉換，從而起到輸入、輸出、隔離的作用。由于光耦合器輸入輸出間互相隔離，電信號傳輸具有單向性等特點，因而具有良好的電絕緣能力和抗干擾能力。又由于光耦合器的輸入端屬于電流型工作的低阻元件，因而具有很強的共模抑制能力。所以，它在長線傳輸信息中作為終端隔離元件可以大大提高信噪比。在計算機數字通信及實時控制中作為信號隔離的接口器件，可以大大增加計算機工作的可靠性。槽型光耦作為一種非常常見的電子元件，在電子電路系統設計的過程中，其選型的正確與否是非常重要的。槽型光耦合器也常常被稱為直射式光電傳感器，其工作原理是通過對紅外發射光的阻斷和導通，在紅外接收管感應出的電流變化來實現開和關的判斷。光電耦合器具有體積小、使用壽命長、工作溫度范圍寬、抗干擾性能強。無觸點且輸入與輸出在電氣上完全隔離等特點，因而在各種電子設備上得到廣泛的應用。光電耦合器可用于隔離電路、負載接口及各種家用電器等電路中。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 15:18

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 16:06

光耦合器（opTIcalcoupler，英文縮寫為OC）
亦稱光電隔離器或光電耦合器，簡稱光耦。它是以光為媒介來傳輸電信號的器件，通常把發光器（紅外線發光二極管LED）與受光器（光敏半導體管）封裝在同一管殼內。以光為媒介把輸入端信號耦合到輸出端的光電耦合器，由于它具有體積小、壽命長、無觸點，抗干擾能力強，輸出和輸入之間絕緣，單向傳輸信號等優點，在數字電路上獲得廣泛的應用。

槽型光耦對輸入、輸出電信號有良好的隔離作用，所以，它在各種電路中得到廣泛的應用。目前槽型光耦已成為種類最多、用途最廣的光電器件之一。槽型光耦一般由三部分組成：光的發射、光的接收及信號放大。輸入的電信號驅動發光二極管（LED），使之發出一定波長的光，被光探測器接收而產生光電流，再經過進一步放大后輸出。這就完成了電—光—電的轉換，從而起到輸入、輸出、隔離的作用。由于槽型光耦輸入輸出間互相隔離，電信號傳輸具有單向性等特點，因而具有良好的電絕緣能力和抗干擾能力。所以，槽型光耦在長線傳輸信息中作為終端隔離元件可以大大提高信噪比。在計算機數字通信及實時控制中作為信號隔離的接口器件，可以大大提高計算機工作的可靠性。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 16:24

槽型光耦的特點：
1、檢測距離長。與接近開關等比較，光電開關的檢測距離非常長，且是無接觸式的，所以不會損傷檢測物體，也不受檢測物體的影響。
2、幾乎不受檢測物體的制約。由于是采用對檢測對象的表面進行反射及光透過方式，不像接近開關只能對金屬，還能對玻璃、塑料、木制物體、液體等各種物質進行檢測。
3、響應速度快。與接近開關同樣，由于無機械運動，所以能對高速運動的物體進行檢測。鏡頭容易受有機塵土等的影響鏡頭免受污染后，光會散射或被遮光，所以在有活水蒸汽、塵土等較多的環境下使用的場合，需施加適當的保護裝置。
4、不受環境強光的影響。幾乎不受一般照明光的影響，但像太陽光那樣的強光直接照射受光體時，會造成誤動作或損壞。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 16:42

光電耦合器原理
當電信號送入光電耦合器的輸入端時，發光二極體通過電流而發光，光敏元件受到光照后產生電流，CE導通;當輸入端無信號，發光二極體不亮，光敏三極管截止，CE不通。對于數位量，當輸入為低電平“0”時，光敏三極管截止，輸出為高電平“1”;當輸入為高電平“1”時，光敏三極管飽和導通，輸出為低電平“ 0”。若基極有引出線則可滿足溫度補償、檢測調制要求。這種光耦合器性能較好，價格便宜，因而應用廣泛。光電耦合器之所以在傳輸信號的同時能有效地抑制尖脈沖和各種雜訊干擾，使通道上的信號雜訊比大為提高，主要有以下幾方面的原因：（1）光電耦合器的輸入阻抗很小，只有幾百歐姆，而干擾源的阻抗較大，通常為105～106Ω。據分壓原理可知，即使干擾電壓的幅度較大，但饋送到光電耦合器輸入端的雜訊電壓會很小，只能形成很微弱的電流，由于沒有足夠的能量而不能使二極體發光，從而被抑制掉了。（2）光電耦合器的輸入回路與輸出回路之間沒有電氣聯系，也沒有共地；之間的分布電容極小，而絕緣電阻又很大，因此回路一邊的各種干擾雜訊都很難通過光電耦合器饋送到另一邊去，避免了共阻抗耦合的干擾信號的產生。（3）光電耦合器可起到很好的安全保障作用，即使當外部設備出現故障，甚至輸入信號線短接時，也不會損壞儀表。因為光耦合器件的輸入回路和輸出回路之間可以承受幾千伏的高壓。（4）光電耦合器的回應速度極快，其回應延遲時間只有10μs左右，適于對回應速度要求很高的場合。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 16:44

槽型光耦對射光電開關模塊

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 17:15

模塊特色
1、使用進口槽型光耦傳感器
2、槽寬度5mm。
3、有輸出狀態指示燈，輸出高電平燈滅，輸出低電平燈亮。
4、有遮擋，輸出高電平；無遮擋，輸出低電平。
5、比較器輸出，信號干凈，波形好，驅動能力強，超過15mA。
6、工作電壓3.3V-5V
7、輸出形式：數字開關量輸出（0和1）
8、設有固定螺栓孔，方便安裝
9、小板PCB尺寸：3.2cm x 1.4cm
10、使用寬電壓LM393比較器

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 17:23

模塊電原理圖

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 18:37

模塊4針的定義
VCC 電源正，GND電源負，DO數字量輸出，AO無效

模塊使用說明：
1.模塊槽中無遮擋時，接收管導通，模塊DO輸出低電平，遮擋時，DO輸出高電平；
2.模塊DO可與繼電器相連，組成限位開關等功能，也可以與有源蜂鳴器模塊相連，組成報警器。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 19:02

/*
【Arduino】66種傳感器模塊系列實驗（81）
實驗八十一：槽型光耦對射光電開關模塊（紅外計數測速傳感器）
測量電機轉速Speed ，單位轉/分
G接GND、V接5V、S接數字引腳2或者3（使用中斷，只能接這兩個腳），
接好后，用一個遮擋物放在U型開關之間，模塊上的LED點亮，無遮擋
物時，LED不亮；利用這一原理，當信號輸出變化一次就計數一次，再
經過一些列的換算就可以得到轉速了~~
*/
int U_Pin = 2;
float Val = 0; //設置變量Val，計數
float time; //設置變量time，計時
float Speed; //設置變量Speed，存儲轉速
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
attachInterrupt(0,count,CHANGE); //引腳電平發生改變時觸發
}
void loop(){
time = millis();
Speed = (Val/40)/(time/60000) ;
Serial.println(Speed);
delay(1000);
}
void count(){
Val += 1;
}

復制代碼

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 19:04

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 19:49

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 19:53

/*
【Arduino】66種傳感器模塊系列實驗（81）
實驗八十一：槽型光耦對射光電開關模塊（紅外計數測速傳感器）
程序之二，遮斷計數器
VCC 5V
GND GND
OUT D2
*/
int speedPin=2;//定義數字3接口
int cntValue=0;
void setup ()
{
pinMode(speedPin,INPUT);//3號數字口設置為輸入狀態
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Speed Count\n");
}
void loop()
{
//判斷是否被遮擋
if(digitalRead(speedPin)==0)
{cntValue++;//計數增加
Serial.println(cntValue);//串口輸出計數值
while(digitalRead(speedPin)==0);//等待遮擋結束
}
}

復制代碼

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 19:55

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 20:12

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 20:15

實驗八十二： MQ135空氣質量檢測傳感器模塊（有害物體氨氣硫化物檢測)

MQ135
氣體傳感器所使用的氣敏材料是在清潔空氣中電導率較低的二氧化錫(SnO2)。當傳感器所處環境中存在污染氣體時，傳感器的電導率隨空氣中污染氣體濃度的增加而增大。使用簡單的電路即可將電導率的變化轉換為與該氣體濃度相對應的輸出信號。MQ135氣體傳感器對氨氣、硫化物、苯系蒸汽的靈敏度高，對煙霧和其它有害氣體的監測也很理想。這種傳感器可檢測多種有害氣體，是一款適合多種應用的低成本傳感器。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 20:45

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 20:54

探頭型號 MQ135
產品類型半導體氣敏元件
標準封裝膠木（黑膠木）
檢測氣體氨氣、硫化物、苯系蒸汽
檢測濃度 10-1000ppm(氨氣、甲苯、氫氣)
標準電路條件
回路電壓          Vc ≤24V  DC
加熱電壓          VH 5.0V±0.2V ACorDC
負載電阻          RL 可調
標準測試條件下氣敏元件特性
加熱電阻          RH 31Ω±3Ω（室溫）
加熱功耗          PH ≤900mW
敏感體表面電阻 Rs 2KΩ-20KΩ(in 100ppm NH3)
靈敏度             S Rs(in air)/Rs(100ppmNH3)≥5
濃度斜率             α ≤0.6(R100ppm/R50ppm NH3)
標準測試條件
溫度、濕度             20℃±2℃；65%±5%RH
標準測試電路 Vc:5.0V±0.1V；VH: 5.0V±0.1V
預熱時間                   不少于48小時

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 20:56

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 21:33

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 21:34

MQ135應用電路

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-4 21:43

MQ135空氣質量檢測傳感器模塊

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 06:34

特點

*在較寬的濃度范圍內對有害氣體有良好的靈敏度

*對氨氣、硫化物、苯系等氣氛靈敏度較高

*長壽命、低成本

*簡單的驅動電路即可

應用

*家庭用空氣污染報警器

*工業用空氣污染報警器

*便攜式空氣污染檢測器

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 07:18

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 07:26

一、尺寸：32mm X22mm X30mm 長*寬*高
二、主要芯片：LM393、MQ135 氣體感應探頭
三、工作電壓：直流 5V
四、模塊特色
1、具有信號輸出指示燈指示；
2、雙路信號輸出（模擬量輸出及 TTL 電平輸出）；
3、TTL 輸出有效信號為低電平；（輸出低電平時信號燈亮，可接單片
機 IO 口）
4、模擬量輸出隨濃度增加而增加，濃度越高電壓越高；
5、對硫化物、苯系蒸汽、煙霧等有害氣體具有很高的靈敏度；
6、具有長期的使用壽命和可靠的穩定性；
7、快速的響應恢復特性；
8、帶安裝孔，方便固定安裝；
9、探頭可以插拔設計，方便試驗。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 07:45

模塊使用注意事項——必須避免的情況
1.1 暴露于有機硅蒸氣中
如果傳感器的表面吸附了有機硅蒸氣，傳感器的敏感材料會被包裹住，抑制傳感器的敏感性，并且不可恢復。傳感器要避免暴露其在硅粘接劑、發膠、硅橡膠、膩子或其它含硅塑料添加劑可能存在的地方。
1.2 高腐蝕性的環境
傳感器暴露在高濃度的腐蝕性氣體（如 H2S，SOX，Cl2，HCl 等）中，不僅會引起加熱材料及傳感器引線的腐蝕或破壞，并會引起敏感材料性能發生不可逆的改變。
1.3 堿、堿金屬鹽、鹵素的污染傳感器被堿金屬尤其是鹽水噴霧污染后，及暴露在鹵素如氟中也會引起性能劣變。
1.4 接觸到水
濺上水或浸到水中會造成敏感特性下降。
1.5 結冰
水在敏感元件表面結冰會導致敏感材料碎裂而喪失敏感特性。
1.6 施加電壓過高
如果給敏感元件或加熱器施加的電壓高于規定值，即使傳感器沒有受到物理損壞或破壞，也會造成引線和/或加熱器損壞，并引起傳感器敏感特性下降。

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 07:49

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 08:00

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 11:06

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 11:10

/*
【Arduino】66種傳感器模塊系列實驗（82）
實驗八十二： MQ135空氣質量檢測傳感器模塊（有害物體氨氣硫化物檢測)
程序之一
VCC 5V
GND GND
AO A0
DO D3
*/
const int gasSensor =0;
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop(){
float voltage;
voltage = getVoltage(gasSensor);
Serial.println(voltage);
delay(1000);
}
float getVoltage(int pin){
return (analogRead(pin) * 0.004882814);
//此公式將AnalogLead（）的0值轉換為1023值
//返回0.0到5.0的值，即真正的電壓
//讀取A0數值
}

復制代碼

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 11:46

ID:513258 · 發表于 2019-8-5 11:48

打火機丁烷測試，還是非常靈敏的

帳號		自動登錄	找回密碼
密碼			立即注冊

久久久久久久999_99精品久久精品一区二区爱城_成人欧美一区二区三区在线播放_国产精品日本一区二区不卡视频_国产午夜视频_欧美精品在线观看免费

【Arduino】108種傳感器模塊系列實驗（資料+代碼+圖形+仿真）